Introduction -- Genetic aspects of uncommon diseases -- Cardiovascular system -- Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy -- Brugada syndrome -- Calcium channel disorders -- Pulmonary hypertension -- Pheochromocytoma -- Infectious diseases -- Lemierre’s syndrome -- Rickettsiosis in ICU -- Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome -- Dengue virus infection -- Cikungunya in ICU -- Respiratory system -- Pulmonary fibrosis -- Nervous system -- Myasthenia in ICU -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- ICU and Parkinson disease -- Internal medicine diseases -- Immunological diseases in ICU -- Metabolic diseases in ICU -- Mitochondrial disease -- Hematological diseases -- Hemolytic anemia -- Retinoic acid syndrome -- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura -- Skin system -- Hereditary angioedema (B. Floccard, B. Allaouchiche) -- Toxic epidermal necrolysis in children -- Renal system -- Gitelman and Bartter syndromes -- Liver system -- Uncommon liver diseases.

This book highlights the practical characteristics of uncommon diseases and presents the most relevant features for the management of intensive care units. It does not aim to provide an exhaustive description of uncommon diseases, focusing instead on the major diseases that intensivists may encounter in their clinical practice. After a brief introduction on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of each disease, the authors emphasize the aspects related to diagnosis and treatment, providing concise and pragmatic guidance for residents and intensivists who care for patients with uncommon diseases. Although by definition uncommon diseases have a low prevalence in the general population, they can affect a large number of patients admitted to intensive care units, as they can often be diagnosed at intensive care units. Indeed, often a complication of the disease is what leads to the patient’s being admitted to an intensive care unit.