Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).

Introduction: Kant as youthful observer and legislator / Susan Meld Shell and Richard Velkley -- 1. Concerning Kant's earliest ethics: an attempt at reconstruction / Dieter Henrich -- 2. Chimerical ethics and fluttering moralists: Baumgarten's influence on Kant's moral theory in the Observations and Remarks / Corey W. Dyck -- 3. Two concepts of universality in Kant's moral theory / Patrick W. Frierson -- 4. Freedom as the foundation of morality: Kant's early efforts / Paul Guyer -- 5. Relating aesthetic and sociable feelings to moral and participatory feelings: reassessing Kant on sympathy and honor / Rudolf A. Makkreel -- 6. Kant's distinction between true and false sublimity / Robert R. Clewis -- 7. Kant's "curious catalogue of human frailties" and the great portrait of nature / Alix Cohen -- 8. Relative goodness and ambivalence of human traits: reflections in light of Kant's pedagogical concerns / G. Felicitas Munzel -- 9. Kant as rebel against the social order / Reinhard Brandt -- 10. National character via the beautiful and sublime? / Robert B. Louden -- 11. Absent an even finer feeling: a commentary on the opening of Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and sublime / Peter Fenves -- 12. The pursuit of science as decadence in Kant's Remarks in "Observations on the feeling of the beautiful and sublime" / John H. Zammito -- 13. Kant, human nature, and history after Rousseau / Karl Ameriks.

Kant's Observations of 1764 and Remarks of 1764–5 (a set of fragments written in the margins of his copy of the Observations) document a crucial turning point in his life and thought. Both reveal the growing importance for him of ethics, anthropology and politics, but with an important difference. The Observations attempts to observe human nature directly. The Remarks, by contrast, reveals a revolution in Kant's thinking, largely inspired by Rousseau, who 'turned him around' by disclosing to Kant the idea of a 'state of freedom' (modelled on the state of nature) as a touchstone for his thinking. This and related thoughts anticipate such famous later doctrines as the categorical imperative. This collection of essays by leading Kant scholars illuminates the many and varied topics within these two rich works, including the emerging relations between theory and practice, ethics and anthropology, men and women, philosophy, history and the 'rights of man'.