Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; About the Authors; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1 -- General Aspects Related to Nonsense Mutations; 1 -- Premature termination codon, nonsense mutation, and consequences on gene expression; 2 -- Pre-mRNA splicing mechanism; 2.1 -- Generalities; 2.2 -- Categories of Alternative Splicing; 2.3 -- Regulation of Splicing; 2.4 -- Pathologies Associated with Splicing Defaults; 3 -- Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism; 3.1 -- Generalities; 3.2 -- Main proteins involved in NMD; 3.2.1 -- UPF1/RENT1/SMG2; 3.2.2 -- UPF2/RENT2/SMG3; 3.2.3 -- UPF3/UPF3a/Rent3A

3.2.4 -- UPF3X/UPF3b/Rent3B3.2.5 -- Suppressor of Morphogenesis in Genitalia 1 (SMG1)/ATX/Lambda-Iota Protein Kinase C-Interacting Protein (LIP); 3.2.6 -- SMG5/EST1B; 3.2.7 -- SMG6/EST1A/hSmg5/7a; 3.2.8 -- SMG7/EST1C; 3.2.9 -- SMG8/Amplified in Breast Cancer Gene 2 and SMG9; 3.3 -- EJC-Dependent Model; 3.4 -- Model Involving the Distance Between the Stop Codon and the Position of the poly(A) Binding Protein C1; 3.5 -- Natural Substrates of NMD; 3.6 -- Regulation; 3.6.1 -- Autoregulation; 3.6.2 -- Tissue Specificity; 3.6.3 -- Inhibition During Apoptosis; 3.6.4 -- miRNA; 3.6.5 -- Phosphorylation

3.6.6 -- Regulation by Availability of NMD Factors3.7 -- UPF2, UPF3X/UPF3b Independent Pathway; 3.8 -- Pathologies Associated with NMD Defaults; 4 -- Correction of nonsense mutations, a case of targeted therapy; References; Chapter 2 -- Pathologies Susceptible to be Targeted for Nonsense Mutation Therapies; 1 -- Rare diseases; 1.1 -- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); 1.2 -- Cystic Fibrosis (CF); 1.3 -- Spinal Muscular Atrophy; 2 -- Frequent diseases; 2.1 -- Cancers; 2.2 -- Metabolic Diseases; 2.3 -- Neurologic Disorders; References; Chapter 3 -- Strategies to Correct Nonsense Mutations

1 -- The exon skipping1.1 -- Principle; 1.2 -- Examples; 1.3 -- Weaknesses; 2 -- Trans-splicing; 2.1 -- Principle; 2.2 -- An Example of Trans-Splicing Used as Therapeutic Approach for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy; 2.3 -- Weaknesses; 3 -- PTC-readthrough; 3.1 -- Principle; 3.1.1 -- Aminoglycoside Molecules; 3.1.2 -- Nonaminoglycoside Molecules; 3.2 -- Weaknesses; 4 -- NMD inhibition; 4.1 -- Principle; 4.2 -- Examples; 4.3 -- Weaknesses; 5 -- Pseudouridylation at the PTC; 5.1 -- Principle; 5.2 -- Weaknesses; 6 -- Gene therapy; 6.1 -- Principle; 6.2 -- Weaknesses; 7 -- Cell therapy; 7.1 -- Principle; 7.2 -- Weaknesses

8 -- Genome editing8.1 -- Zinc Finger Nucleases; 8.1.1 -- Weaknesses; 8.2 -- Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases; 8.2.1 -- Weaknesses; 8.3 -- CRISPR/Cas9; 8.3.1 -- Illustration; 8.3.2 -- Weaknesses; 9 -- Combinatory approaches to improve nonsense mutation therapies; 9.1 -- Activation of Both Transcription and Readthrough; 9.2 -- Inhibition of NMD and Activation of Readthrough; 9.3 -- Gene Therapy/Genome Editing/Pseudouridylation at the PTC and Cell Therapy; References; Chapter 4 -- Conclusions; 1 -- Summary on the different strategies and their results

2 -- Personalized/targeted medicine versus traditional medicine

Nonsense Mutation Correction in Human Diseases: An Approach for Targeted Medicine provides an introduction on genetic diseases, discusses the prevalence of nonsense mutations, the consequences of a nonsense mutation for the expression of the mutant gene, and the presentation of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). It presents the mechanism of action and rationale associated with each strategy to correct nonsense mutations with the results of clinical trials to further support this basis. In addition, the book shows how it may be possible to combine several of these strategies to ultimately improve the efficiency of correction, also suggesting the future goals and objectives to improve treatment modalities in this evolving sphere of personalized medicine.

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