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Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources-biomass for their pretreatment-which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use.

ReferencesChapter 3-Acidic Pretreatment; 3.1 INTRODUCTION; 3.2 ACID-CATALYZED REACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE; 3.3 INHIBITORS AND DETOXIFICATION; 3.4 PROCESS CONFIGURATIONS FOR ACIDIC PRETREATMENT; References; Chapter 4-Alkaline Treatment; 4.1 INTRODUCTION; 4.2 TYPES OF ALKALI; 4.3 CONDITIONS OF ALKALI PRETREATMENT; 4.4 MECHANISM OF ALKALI PRETREATMENT; 4.5 PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALI PRETREATED BIOMASS; 4.6 PROSPECTS AND CONSEQUENCES; 4.7 COMMERCIALIZATION ASPECTS; 4.8 CONCLUSION; Acknowledgement; References; Chapter 5-Hydrothermal Treatment; 5.1 INTRODUCTION.

Front Cover; Pretreatment of Biomass; Copyright; Contents; List of Contributors; SECTION A LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; Chapter 1 -- Introduction; 1.1 OVERVIEW; 1.2 THE ROLE OF PRETREATMENT; 1.3 METHODS OF PRETREATMENT; 1.4 SUMMARY; Acknowledgment; References; Chapter 2 -- Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Infrared Methodology; 2.1 INTRODUCTION; 2.2 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF IRS AND ITS APPLICATION; 2.3 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; 2.4 BIOMASS ANALYSIS VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM NIRS; 2.5 BIOMASS ANALYSIS VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; 2.6 CONCLUSION.

5.2 PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS5.3 HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; 5.4 THE PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYSATE AND PRETREATED BIOMASS OBTAINED FROM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT; 5.5 UTILIZATION OF HYDROLYSATE AND PRETREATED BIOMASS OBTAINED FROM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT; References; Chapter 6 -- Steam Explosion; 6.1 INTRODUCTION; 6.2 MECHANISM; 6.3 KEY PARAMETERS; 6.4 OPERATION MODE; 6.5 CHEMICAL ADDITION; 6.6 PHYSICOCHEMICAL VARIATION OF BIOMASS; 6.7 PERSPECTIVE; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 7 -- Ozonolysis; 7.1 INTRODUCTION; 7.2 APPLICATIONS OF OZONOLYSIS.

7.3 OZONOLYSIS CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES7.4 EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS; 7.5 CHALLENGES, POSSIBILITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES; References; Chapter 8 -- Ionic Liquid Pretreatment; 8.1 INTRODUCTION; 8.2 IONIC LIQUIDS; 8.3 POTENCY AS SOLVENT FOR LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; 8.4 RECENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICES IN IL PRETREATMENT; 8.5 IL PRETREATMENT IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER CONVENTIONAL METHODS; 8.6 SYNTHESIS; 8.7 TECHNOECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING COMMERCIALIZATION OF IL PRETREATMENT; 8.8 CONCLUSIONS; References; Chapter 9 -- Microwave Pretreatment; 9.1 INTRODUCTION; 9.2 MW APPLICATION.

9.3 MW PRETREATMENT REACTORS9.4 SUMMARY AND PROSPECTS; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 10 -- Torrefaction; 10.1 INTRODUCTION; 10.2 TORREFACTION CLASSIFICATION; 10.3 NONOXIDATIVE TORREFACTION; 10.4 PROPERTY VARIATION OF BIOMASS; 10.5 OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION; 10.6 WET TORREFACTION AND STEAM EXPLOSION; 10.7 APPLICATIONS; References; SECTION B ALGAL BIOMASS; Chapter 11 -- Algal Biomass: Physical Pretreatments; 11.1 MICROALGAL BIOMASS; 11.2 APPLICATIONS; 11.3 POTENTIAL BIOFUEL PRODUCTS; 11.4 PRETREATMENTS OF MICROALGAE; 11.5 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; 11.6 CONCLUSION AND FINAL REMARKS.

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