Includes bibliographical references and index.

Front Cover; Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity; Front Matter; Sustained Energy for Enhanced Human Functions and Activity; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface; 1 -- Introduction; 1 -- Information Theory and the Thermodynamic Efficiency of Biological Sorting Systems: Case Studies of the Kidney and of Mi ... ; Introduction; A Summary of the Working of the Kidney; The Paradox of the Thermodynamic Efficiency of the Kidney; Maxwell's Demon, Its Exorcism, and the Entropic and Energetic Cost of Sorting; The Kidney as a Maxwell's Demon.

Mitochondrial Adenosine 52 Triphosphate (ATP)-Synthase as a Maxwell's DemonClosing Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; 2 -- Roles of AMP, ADP, ATP, and AMPK in Healthy Energy Boosting and Prolonged Life Span; Introduction; Adenosine Monophosphate/52 Adenylic Acid; Adenosine Diphosphate/Adenosine Pyrophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; 52 Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase; Cell Signaling; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/FK506-Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin-Associated Protein 1.

Role of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Widely Studied DiseasesAutophagy; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (Unfolded Protein Response); Mitochondrial Stress; Existing Energy Boosters; Energy Boosting in Clinical Medication and Their Mechanisms; Possibilities of Other Medicinal Herbals in Ayurveda; Advanced Research Strategies for Developing Healthy Energy Boosters; Acknowledgments; References; 3 -- An Overview of Nitrite and Nitrate: New Paradigm of Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Biochemistry and Physiology; Endothelial Dysfunction and Loss of NO Production.

L-Arginine SupplementationNitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway; Summary; References; 4 -- An Overview on Nitric Oxide and Energy Metabolism; Introduction; Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide; Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiration; Direct Effects of Nitric Oxide on Mitochondrial Respiration; Indirect Effect of Nitric Oxide on Mitochondrial Respiration; Nitric Oxide Regulates Energy Metabolism and Body Composition; Nitric Oxide and Oxygen Consumption in Association With Physical Activity and Fitness; Nitric Oxide Governs Metabolism of the Proximate Principles of Food; Conclusion; References.

5 -- Antioxidants and Mitochondrial BioenergeticsIntroduction; Experimental Studies; Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants; Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Cancer; Clinical Significance of Charnoly Body Theranostics; Clinical Significance of Charnoly Body Formation in Zika Virus and Other Diseases; Personalized Nanotheranostics; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Zika Virus Disease; Autophagy Versus Charnolophagy; Phagolysosome Versus Charnolophagosome; Clinical Significance of Charnoly Body and Charnolophagy; Metallothioneins Provide Mitochondrial Neuroprotection; Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants.

Print version record.

This volume addresses the basic mechanistic aspects of energy metabolisms, the chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology of a variety of botanical ingredients, micronutrients, antioxidants, amino acids, selected complexes, and other nutracueticals which have demonstrated a boost in and the sustainability of functional energy.

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