03122cam a2200469 a 450000100090000000300070000900500170001600800410003301000170007401500190009101600200011001600180013002000390014802000360018702000250022303500240024803500130027204001150028504200080040004900270040805000210043510000320045624501090048826000480059730000430064533600260068833600330071433700280074733800270077550400640080250504980086652009410136465000480230565000240235365000180237765000180239565500270241394200150244026400480245599900190250395201300252211371901US-DLC20161026151748.0121107s2013    ctua     b    001 0 eng    a  2012045173  aGBB3288042bnb7 a1015954552DNLM7 a0163075812Uk  z9780300188844 (cloth : alk. paper)  z0300188846 (cloth : alk. paper)  a9780300216837 (pbk.)  a(OCoLC)ocn882204513  a11371901  aDNLM/DLCbengcDLCdYDXdNLMdYDXCPdBTCTAdBDXdUKMGBdOCLCOdCDXdTWCdMOFdOCLCFdAUGdCHVBKdGTAdCUDdCtY  apcc  aAlfaisal Main Library 00aRB151b.B73 20131 aBracken, Michael B.,d1942-10aRisk, chance, and causation :binvestigating the origins and treatment of disease /cMichael B. Bracken.  aNew Haven :bYale University Press,cc2013.  axiii, 330 p. :billustrations ;c25 cm  atextbtxt2rdacontent  astill imagebsti2rdacontent  aunmediatedbn2rdamedia  avolumebnc2rdacarrier  aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 303-304) and index.0 aRisk, chance, and causation: investigating the origins and treatment of disease -- Chance and randomness -- Risk -- Randomization and clinical trials -- More trials and some tribulations -- Harm -- Screening, diagnosis, and prognosis -- A statistical sojourn -- Disease clusters -- Genetics and the genome -- The study of mankind is man: reflections on animal research -- Celebrity trumps science -- Replication and pooling -- Bias in publication and reporting -- Causes -- Ultimate causation.  a"The press and other media constantly report news stories about dangerous chemicals in the environment, miracle cures, the safety of therapeutic treatments, and potential cancer-causing agents. But what exactly is actually meant by "increased risk" should we worry if we are told that we are at twice the risk of developing an illness? And how do we interpret "reduced risk" to properly assess the benefits of noisily touted dietary supplements? Demonstrating the difficulty of separating the hype from the hypothesis, noted epidemiologist Michael Bracken clearly communicates how clinical epidemiology works. Using everyday terms, Bracken describes how professional scientists approach questions of disease causation and therapeutic efficacy to provide readers with the tools to help them understand whether warnings of environmental risk are truly warranted, or if claims of therapeutic benefit are justified."--Provided by publisher. 0aDiseasesxCauses and theories of causation.10aDiseasesxetiology.22aRisk Factors.20aTherapeutics. 02local94aPrint books.  2lcccBOOKS  aNew Haven :bYale University Press,cc2013.  c311134d311134  00102lcc4070aAUbAUcGENd2016-08-08l0oRB151 .B73 2013pAU0000000005148r2016-08-08 00:00:00v215.00w2016-08-08yBOOKS