biology Fried, George 1926- creator author Hademenos, George J. author text bibliography Print books. nyu 2019 Fifth edition monographic eng

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504 pages ; Illustrations ; 28 cm Provides an overview of the fundamentals of biology, covering cells, genetics, plant and animal biology, ecology, and biological diversity, and featuring practice problems with step-by-step solutions Unit I. Fundamentals of biology -- 1. The basic structure of science -- The methods of science -- Biology as a science -- The significance of evolution -- Organization of life -- 2. The chemistry of life : an inorganic perspective -- Atoms, molecules, and chemical bonding -- Chemical reactions and the concept of equilibrium -- Colligative properties of solutions -- The laws of thermodynamics -- The special case of water -- Maintaining stable pH in living systems -- 3. The chemistry of life : the organic level -- Carbohydrates -- Proteins -- Structure and functions of lipids -- The chemical basis of living systems -- Unit II. Biology of the cell -- 4. The cellular organization of life -- The cell doctrine -- Cellular organization -- Cellular organelles -- Plant and animal cells : tissue organization -- Cell size and its constraints -- Movement into and out of the cell -- 5. Energy transformations -- Energy and life -- Thermodynamics -- Cell metabolism -- Bioenergetics -- 6. Photosynthesis -- The light reaction -- The dark reaction (Calvin-Benson Cycle) -- Photorespiration -- The C4 pathway -- Structure and function in the chloroplast -- Unit III. Genetics and inheritance -- 7. The nature of the gene -- The concept of information processing in the cell -- The search for the chemical bases of inheritance -- Encoding information : the language of the gene -- Processing the information : protein synthesis -- Reproduction of information : DNA replication -- Modification of information : mutation -- Genetic engineering -- 8. Cell reproduction -- Cell cycles and life cycles -- The chromosomes as packaged genes -- Mitosis -- Meiosis -- A possible mechanism for crossing over -- Sexual reproduction and genetic variability -- 9. The mechanism of inheritance -- Pre-Mendelian concepts -- Mendel's Laws -- Linkage -- Mapping the chromosomes -- Sex linkage -- Variations in gene expression -- Chromosomes and gene expression -- Treating genetic diseases -- 10. Control mechanisms in genetics -- The Operon Hypothesis -- Cistron, recon, and muton -- Gene regulation in eukaryotes -- Cancer as a genetic aberration -- 11. Embryology -- Animal development -- Human development -- Plant development -- Control of differentiation -- Major contributions to the field of embryology -- 12. Animal reproduction -- An evolutionary survey -- Male reproductive system in humans -- Female reproductive system in humans -- Sexual response in humans -- Contraception -- Sexual preference -- Sexual dysfunction -- Unit IV. Plant biology -- 13. Basic structure and function in vascular plants -- Plant nutrition -- Movement of water and minerals in xylem -- Movement of food through the phloem -- 14. Interactions of vascular plants with their environment -- Tropisms -- Plant hormones -- Photoperiodism -- Plant diseases Unit V. Animal biology -- 15. Homeostasis : regulation of physiological functions -- Feedback control -- Regulation of temperature -- Regulation of blood sugar -- 16. Animal nutrition and the digestive system -- Food procurement -- Digestion and absorption -- The vertebrate liver -- Diet and health -- Special case of the vitamins -- Obesity and eating disorders -- Deficiency diseases -- 17. The excretory system -- Excretion in invertebrates -- Structure of the vertebrate kidney -- Functioning of the vertebrate kidney -- Human kidney function -- Homeostatic function of the kidney -- Accessory excretory structures -- 18. The circulatory system -- Comparative cardiovascular systems of vertebrates -- The human heart -- Arteries, veins, and capillaries -- Control of blood pressure -- Constituents of blood and lymph -- Osmoregulation -- 19. Immunology -- The human immune systems -- The immune response -- Hybridomas -- AIDS -- Human blood groups -- 20. The respiratory system -- Mechanisms of external respiration -- Mammalian respiration -- regulation of breathing -- Exchange of O2 and CO2 in the blood -- 21. Hormones and the endocrine system -- Early endocrine systems -- Vertebrate endocrine systems -- Mode of action of hormones -- 22. The nervous system -- Phylogenetic development of the nervous system -- The neuron as the functional unit of nervous activity -- The neural impulse -- The synapse -- Reflex arc -- Receptors and effectors -- Special sense organs -- Brain and spinal cord -- Autonomic nervous system -- 23. The musculoskeletal system: support and movement -- Invertebrate support systems -- The vertebrate endoskeleton -- Anatomy and physiology of vertebrate muscle -- 24. Animal behavior -- What is behavior? -- Components of behavior -- Cyclic behavior patterns -- Sexual behavior -- Social organization -- Modes of communication -- Biological determinism and behavior -- Unit VI. Evolution and ecology -- 25. Evolution : the process -- Abrief history of the concept of change in organisms -- The notion of a gene pool : Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium -- Natural selection : a modern synthesis -- Punctuated equilibrium -- Molecular biology of evolutionary change -- Control of gene pools -- Speciation -- Microevolution versus macroevolution -- 26. Ecology -- Anatomy of an ecosystem -- Types of ecosystems -- Stability and ecological succession -- Biomass and species dispersal -- Upsetting the stability of an ecosystem -- 27. Origin of life -- The Oparin Hypothesis -- Heterotroph to autotroph -- Origin of cells -- Unit VII. Biological diversity -- 28. The kingdom Monera (the prokaryotes) -- Archaebacteria and eubacteria -- The significance and origin of organelles -- Bacteria, the ecosphere, and human interactions -- 29. The kingdom Protista -- Protozoans -- Algal protists -- Fungilike protists -- 30. The kingdom Fungi -- Basic structure of fungi -- Divisions of fungi -- Reproductive strategies of the fungi -- Fungi as friends and foes -- 31. The kingdom Plantae -- Bryophytes and the challenge of a terrestrial environment -- The vascular plants -- Seed plants -- Economic importance of plants -- The Green Revolution -- 32. The kingdom Animalia -- Subkingdom parazoa : the sponges -- Radiata : cnidaria and ctenophora -- Bilateria : deuterostomes and protostomes -- Acoelomates -- Pseudocoelomates : rotifera and nematoda -- Protostome coelomates -- Deuterostome coelomates -- 33. The primates -- Primate lineages -- Primate characteristics -- Humankind and its destiny -- Misconceptions of the evolutionary relationship between humans and apes George H. Fried, George J. Hademenos Includes bibliographical references and indexes Biology Outlines, syllabi, etc QH315.5 .F75 2019 9781260120783 YDX 180406 20190612122631.0 1030385634 eng