Introduction. Donna L. Gillette, Mavis Greer, Michele H. Hayward, and William Breen Murray -- Rock Art and Spirituality: Is the Rock Art of 30,000 Years Ago a Window to the Spirituality of the People of the Paleolithic? Margaret Bullen -- Silence of Signs – Power of Symbols: From Sympathetic Magic Towards Social Semiotic in South Scandinavian Rock Art Research. David Vogt -- The Rock Art of Chinamawali and its Sacred Places: a Pilgrimage to Initiation. Leslie F. Zubieta -- Rock Art and the Development of Sacred Landscapes in Mainland Southeast Asia. Noel HildalgoTan and Paul Taçon -- Spirituality and Chinese Rock Art. Yasha Zhang -- Conflict on the Frontier: San Rock Art, Spirituality and Historical Narrative in the Free State Province, South Africa. Jamie Hampson -- Spiritual Places: Canadian Shield Rock Art Within Its Sacred Landscape. Daniel Arsenault and Dagmara Zawadzka -- Concepts of Spirit in Prehistoric Art According to Clifford Duncan, Ute Spiritual Elder. Carol Patterson and Clifford Duncan -- Old Man Owl: Myth and Gambling Medicine in Klamath Basin Rock Art. Robert J. David and Melissa Watkins Morgan -- Trance and Transformation on the Northern Shores of the Chichimec Sea. Solvig Turpin and Herbert H. Eling -- Deer: Sacred and Profane. William Breen Murray -- Religious Organization in the Late Ceramic Caribbean. Michele H. Hayward, Frank Schieppati, Michael A. Cinquino -- Language and Thought in Rock Art: a Discussion of the Spiritual World of Rock Art in Colombia. Guillermo C. Muñoz. Spirituality in Rock Art Yesterday and Today: Reflections from the Northern Plains and Far Western United States. Donna L. Gillette and Mavis Greer.

Social and behavioral scientists study religion or spirituality in various ways and have defined and approached the subject from different perspectives. In cultural anthropology and archaeology the understanding of what constitutes religion involves beliefs, oral traditions, practices and rituals, as well as the related material culture including artifacts, landscapes, structural features and visual representations like rock art. Researchers work to understand religious thoughts and actions that prompted their creation distinct from those created for economic, political, or social purposes. Rock art landscapes convey knowledge about sacred and spiritual ecology from generation to generation. Contributors to this global view detail how rock art can be employed to address issues regarding past dynamic interplays of religions and spiritual elements. Studies from a number of different cultural areas and time periods explore how rock art engages the emotions, materializes thoughts and actions, and reflects religious organization as it intersects with sociopolitical cultural systems.                            .