Time and Reference Systems -- Dealing with Geoscience Branches -- The Figure of Earth -- 3D-Positioning and Mapping -- Plane and Spherical Earth Systems -- Classical Datums and Reference Systems -- Spatial Coordinate Calculations -- Geodetic Arc Calculations -- Conversions and Zone Systems -- Conformal Projections - Using Reference Ellipsoids -- Astrolabe Observations -- About History - A Bird’s-Eye View -- Tools and Topics -- Computing Techniques -- Information and Computer Technology -- ICT Applied to Sea Surveying -- Using Computers -- FORTRAN Application Programs -- International Organisations.

Geometrical Geodesy is a reference manual written for geodesists and scientists in the field of earth sciences. This book reviews developments in geodesy and hydrography, using a wide variety of electronic and acoustic instruments. The aim is to take stock of the latest fundamental geodetic constants for the 2000s, to focus on dissimilar ellipsoidal areas, distances, and conversion of applications, referenced to an abundant bibliography. It presents a mixture of issues, dealing with reference and time systems, datums, and s-transformations, elucidate multi-dimensional aspects of the information, communication, and computation technology, including the use of parallel computers. Stressing the hands-on methodology, the handbook is of interest to geodetic engineers, consultants, hydrographers, and engineers with an interest in the field of earth sciences.