I Information Access -- On Searching in the #x201C;Real World#x201D; -- Signature-Based Retrieval of Scanned Documents Using Conditional Random Fields -- What Makes a Good Summary? -- A Prototype Search Toolkit -- II Text Analysis -- Unapparent Information Revelation: Text Mining for Counterterrorism -- Identification of Information -- Rich Language Analysis for Counterterrorism -- III Graphical Models -- Dicliques: Finding Needles in Haystacks -- Information Superiority via Formal Concept Analysis -- Reflexive Analysis of Groups -- Evaluating Self-Reflexion Analysis Using Repertory Grids -- IV Conflict Analysis -- Anticipating Terrorist Safe Havens from Instability Induced Conflict -- Applied Counterfactual Reasoning -- Adversarial Planning in Networks -- Gaming and Simulating Ethno-Political Conflicts.

Modern terrorist networks pose an unprecedented threat to international security. Their fluid and non-hierarchical structures, their religious and ideological motivations, and their predominantly non-territorial objectives all radically complicate the question of how to neutralize them. As governments and militaries work to devise new policies and doctrines to combat terror, new technologies are desperately needed to make these efforts effective. This book collects a wide range of the most current computational research addressing critical issues for counterterrorism in a dynamic and complex threat environment: finding, summarizing, and evaluating relevant information from large and dynamic data stores; simulation and prediction of likely enemy actions and the effects of proposed counter-efforts; and producing actionable intelligence by finding meaningful patterns hidden in masses of noisy data items. The contributions are organized thematically into four sections. The first section concerns efforts to provide effective access to small amounts of relevant information buried in enormous amounts of diverse unstructured data. The second section discusses methods for the key problem of extracting meaningful information from digitized documents in various languages. The third section presents research on analyzing graphs and networks, offering new ways of discovering hidden structures in data and profiles of adversaries’ goals and intentions. Finally, the fourth section of the book describes software systems that enable analysts to model, simulate, and predict the effects of real-world conflicts. The models and methods discussed in this book are invaluable reading for governmental decision-makers designing new policies to counter terrorist threats, for members of the military, intelligence, and law enforcement communities devising counterterrorism strategies based on new technologies, and for academic and industrial researchers devising more effective methods for knowledge discovery in complicated and diverse datasets.