"A collection of monographs dedicated to Professor Per Kofstad on his 60th birthday, 7 December, 1989"--Page [v].

Includes bibliographical references.

The properties of materials at high temperature play a vital role in their processing and practical use. The real properties of materials at elevated temperatures are very often governed by defects in their structure. Lattice defects may consist of point defects like vacancies, interstitial atoms or substituted atoms. These classes are discussed in general and specifically for oxides, nitrides, carbides and sulfides. Defect aggregates, shear structures and adaptive structures are also described. Special attention is paid to hydrogen defects which seem to play an important role in several materials. Defects in solids lead to transport properties such as diffusion and conductivity. These themes are thoroughly treated in this book, with examples from various materials being provided. Special attention is paid to the transport properties of grain boundaries. In high temperature corrosion and other types of oxidation, the diffusion of atoms through the reaction products is often the rate limiting step of the reaction. This book takes the reader from the theoretical treatment of defects to applications in high temperature corrosion. Reactions between metals and pure oxygen lead to the formation of oxides on the surface, and the reaction rates may often be related to the diffusion coefficients of the oxide. However, in practical use alloys are subjected to other severe gaseous atmospheres which may often lead to accelerated attack on the material. The severest condition, namely where a salt deposit is combined with oxidizing gases, is called hot corrosion. This and other types of corrosion are also covered. Finally, a chapter is devoted to the prevention of corrosive attack on materials by the addition of rare earth metals. The book has been published in honour of Professor Per Kofstad on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor Kofstad has for many years been active in the field of high temperature chemistry in all its aspects, from basic and theoretical work to its application in high temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The various chapters have been contributed by his friends and colleagues, all of whom are international experts in the field.

Print version record.

Front Cover; Selected Topics in High Temperature Chemistry: Defect Chemistry of Solids; Copyright Page; Dedication; Professor Per Kofstad; Preface; Table of Content; List of Contributors; CHAPTER 1. DEFECTS IN INORGANIC COMPOUNDS; 1. Introduction; 2. Defects in Crystalline Compounds; 3. The Stoichiometric Composition; 4. Nonstoichiometry; 5. The Law of Mass Action; 6. Defect Association; 7. Summary; References; CHAPTER 2. DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN METAL OXIDES; 1. Introduction; 2. Theoretical Basis; 3. Experimental Techniques; 4. Self-Diffusion in Binary Oxides

5. Dopants, Impurities and Ternary Oxides6. Other Types of Diffusion; References; CHAPTER 3.SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN DEFECT DEPENDENT PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION METAL SULPHIDES AND OXIDES; 1. Introduction; 2. General Remarks; 3. Defect Structure and Nonstoichiometry; 4. Transport Properties; 5. Conclusions; References; CHAPTER 4.HYDROGEN DEFECTS IN INORGANIC SOLIDS; 1· Introduction; 2. Hydrogen and Hydrogen Ions; 3. Protons in Oxides; 4. Other Hydrogen Defects in Oxides; 5. Hydrogen Defects in other Classes of Compounds; 6. Proton Transport

7. Methods for Studying Hydrogen and Hydrogen Transport8. Practical Uses and other Aspects of Protons in Ceramics; 9. Summary; References; CHAPTER 5. ENHANCED IONIC CONDUCTIVITY IN INORGANIC SOLIDS; 1. Introduction; 2. Solid Oxide Electrolytes; 3. Defect Structure; 4. Electrical Conductivity; 5. Point Defect Associations; 6. Highly Defective Fluorite Oxides; 7. Grain Boundary Effects; 8. Homovalent Substitution in Mixed Alkali Halides; References; CHAPTER 6. LATTICE AND GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION AND SULFIDATION OF METALS AND ALLOYS

1. Introduction2. Pure Metals; 3. Alloys; References; CHAPTER 7. EFFECTS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON THE HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF HEAT-RESISTING ALLOYS; 1. Introduction; 2. Oxidation Behavior of Heat-Resisting Alloys; 3. Improvements of Oxidation Resistance by Rare Earth Effect; 4. Rare Earth in Chromia -- Forming Alloys; 5. Rare Earth Effect in Alumina-Forming Alloys; 6. Conclusions; References; CHAPTER 8. MECHANISMS OF OXIDATION AND SULFIDATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ALLOYS IN H2-H2O-H2S MIXTURES; 1. Introduction; 2. Mechanisms of Corrosion in H2-H2O-H2S Atmospheres

3. Protection against Corrosion in Coal Gasification Atmospheres4. Conclusions; References; CHAPTER 9. HOT CORROSION OF MATERIALS; 1. Introduction; 2. Early Kinetic/Mechanistic Studies; 3. Thermodynamics and Salt Chemistry; 4. Phase Stability and Oxide Solubilities; 5. Mechanisms for Type I Hot Corrosion; 6· Complexing Solutions/Strong Acids; 7. Hot Corrosion of Oxides; 8. Type II (Low Temperature) Hot Corrosion; References; CHAPTER 10. FORMATION OF THE COMPOUNDS Fe4N AND Fe3C VIA GAS-METAL REACTIONS AND DERIVED PROPERTIES OF THESE COMPOUNDS; 1. Dedication; 2. Introduction; 3. Experimental

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