The book reviews the use of spectroscopic and related methods to investigate the complex structures and mechanisms of biological inorganic systems that contain metals. Each chapter presents an overview of the technique including relevant theory, clearly explains what it is and how it works and then presents how the technique is actually used to evaluate biological structures. Practical examples and problems are included to illustrate each technique and to aid understanding. Designed for students and researchers who want to learn both the basics, and more advanced aspects of bioinorganic chemistry. Many colour illustrations enable easier visualization of molecular mechanisms and structuresWorked examples and problems are included to illustrate and test the reader's understanding of each techniqueWritten by a multi-author team who use and teach the most important techniques used today to analyse complex biological structures.

Machine generated contents note: Introduction: Which Metals Ions and Why? / Robert R. Crichton -- Some Physicochemical Considerations on Alkali Metals / Robert R. Crichton -- Na+ and K+ -- Functional Ionic Gradients / Robert R. Crichton -- Mg2+ -- Phosphate Metabolism / Robert R. Crichton -- Ca2+ and Cell Signalling / Robert R. Crichton -- Zinc -- Lewis Acid and Gene Regulator / Robert R. Crichton -- Iron and Copper -- Dealing with Oxygen / Robert R. Crichton -- Ni and Co -- Evolutionary Relics / Robert R. Crichton -- Mn -- Water Splitting and Oxygen Generation / Robert R. Crichton -- Mo and V -- Nitrogen Fixation / Robert R. Crichton -- References / Robert R. Crichton -- Introduction / Frank Neese -- Crystal Field and Ligand Field Theory / Frank Neese -- MO Theory of Transition Metal Complexes / Frank Neese -- Concluding Remarks / Frank Neese -- Further Reading / Frank Neese -- Why EPR Spectroscopy? / W.R. Hagen -- What Is EPR Spectroscopy? / W.R. Hagen -- Anisotropy / W.R. Hagen -- A Comparison of EPR Versus NMR / W.R. Hagen -- EPR Spectrometer / W.R. Hagen -- What (Bio)molecules Give EPR? / W.R. Hagen -- Basic Theory and Simulation of EPR / W.R. Hagen -- Saturation / W.R. Hagen -- Concentration Determination / W.R. Hagen -- Hyperfine Interactions / W.R. Hagen -- High-Spin Systems / W.R. Hagen -- Applications Overview / W.R. Hagen -- References / W.R. Hagen -- Introduction / Ricardo O. Louro -- Properties of the Matter Relevant to NMR / Ricardo O. Louro -- Energy of NMR Transitions / Ricardo O. Louro -- Macroscopic Magnetisation / Ricardo O. Louro -- Acting on Magnetisation / Ricardo O. Louro -- Relaxation / Ricardo O. Louro -- An NMR Experiment / Ricardo O. Louro -- The Chemical Shift / Ricardo O. Louro -- Coupling: The Interaction Between Magnetic Nuclei / Ricardo O. Louro -- Chemical Exchange / Ricardo O. Louro -- The Nuclear Overhauser Effect / Ricardo O. Louro -- Multidimensional NMR / Ricardo O. Louro -- Metals in Biomolecular NMR Spectra / Ricardo O. Louro -- Relaxation / Ricardo O. Louro -- An NMR Spectrometer and How the Macroscopic Magnetisation and Relaxation are Measured / Ricardo O. Louro -- Care in Obtaining NMR Spectra of Paramagnetic Samples / Ricardo O. Louro -- Conclusions / Ricardo O. Louro -- References / Ricardo O. Louro -- Useful Physical Constants / Ricardo O. Louro -- Introduction / Eckhard Bill -- Principles / Eckhard Bill -- 57Fe Hyperfine Interactions / Eckhard Bill -- Isomer Shift as Informative Hyperfine Interaction / Eckhard Bill -- Electric Quadrupole Splitting / Eckhard Bill -- Magnetic Hyperfine Splitting / Eckhard Bill -- Combined Hyperfine Splitting / Eckhard Bill -- Applications -- Selected Examples / Eckhard Bill -- Perspectives / Eckhard Bill -- References / Eckhard Bill -- Introduction to Biological X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (BioXAS) / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- An introductory example: Mo, Cu, AND Se in CO-dehydrogenase from Oligotropha carboxidovorans / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- Outline of the BioXAS Chapter / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- XANES / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: X-ray-induced Electron Diffraction / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- Phase Shifts and Effect of Atom Type / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- Plane-Wave and Muffin Tin Approximation / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke / Martin C. Feiters -- Multiple Scattering in Biological Systems / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- Strategy for the Interpretation of EXAFS / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- Validation and Automation of EXAFS Data Analysis / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- XANES Simulations with three-dimensional Models / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke / Martin C. Feiters -- Metal-Metal Distances in Metal Clusters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke / Martin C. Feiters -- Non-metal Trace Elements: Halogens / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke / Martin C. Feiters -- Summary: Strengths and Limitations / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- Conclusions: Relations with Other Techniques / Martin C. Feiters / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke -- References / Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke / Martin C. Feiters -- Optical Spectroscopy / Ricardo O. Louro / Robert R. Crichton -- Magnetic Circular Dichroism / Ricardo O. Louro / Robert R. Crichton -- Vibrational Spectroscopies / Robert R. Crichton / Ricardo O. Louro -- IR Spectroscopy / Robert R. Crichton / Ricardo O. Louro -- Raman Spectroscopy / Robert R. Crichton / Ricardo O. Louro -- References / Robert R. Crichton / Ricardo O. Louro -- Introduction / Christophe Léger -- Basics / Christophe Léger -- Electrochemistry Under Equilibrium Conditions: Potentiometric Titrations / Christophe Léger -- Dynamic Electrochemistry / Christophe Léger -- Diffusion-Controlled Voltammetry / Christophe Léger -- Voltammetry of Adsorbed Proteins: Protein Film Voltammetry (PFV) / Christophe Léger -- Catalytic Voltammetry and Chronoamperometry with Adsorbed Redox Enzymes / Christophe Léger -- Softwares / Christophe Léger -- PFV Quiz / Christophe Léger -- Acknowledgements / Christophe Léger -- Appendix / Christophe Léger -- References / Christophe Léger -- Questions / José A. Brito / Margarida Archer -- Introduction / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Protein Crystallisation / José A. Brito / Margarida Archer -- Data Collection / José A. Brito / Margarida Archer -- Phase Determination / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Model Building and Refinement / José A. Brito / Margarida Archer -- Structure Analysis and Model Quality / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Case Study / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Introduction / José A. Brito / Margarida Archer -- Purification and Crystallisation / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- X-ray Diffraction Data Collection and Phasing / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Structure Refinement / José A. Brito / Margarida Archer -- Structure Analysis / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- General Conclusions / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Acknowledgements / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- References / Margarida Archer / José A. Brito -- Introduction and Aims / Robert L. Robson -- Basic Genetics and Molecular Genetics: Origins and Definitions / Robert L. Robson -- Setting Up: Regulations, Equipment, Methods and Resources / Robert L. Robson -- Approaches and Systems / Robert L. Robson -- Molecular Biology Tools and Methods / Robert L. Robson -- Genetic and Molecular Genetic Methods / Robert L. Robson -- Bioinformatics / Robert L. Robson -- The OMICS Revolution / Robert L. Robson -- Illustrative Examples in the Genetics and Molecular Biology of N2 Fixation / Robert L. Robson -- References / Robert L. Robson.

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