This monograph provides a contemporary account of advances in chemical carcinogenesis. It promotes the view that it is alteration of the DNA by endogenous and exogenous carcinogens that ultimately leads to sporadic mutations which are a root cause of many human cancers. It deals with the metabolic activation of common classes of chemical carcinogens (tobacco carcinogens, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and their detoxication. It describes the DNA-adducts that ensue and their repair mechanisms. It covers advances in structural-biology that provide a glimpse of both the DNA-repair process and the by-pass of DNA-lesions and how this informs the mutational code.  It also deals with the concepts of chemoprevention and biomarkers for biomonitoring human exposure. Many contemporary texts on the biology of cancer now focus almost exclusively on the molecular and cell biology of the disease and do not cover the initiating (DNA damaging events) of chemical carcinogenesis in depth. It is with this perceived gap-in knowledge that world experts in their particular fields have contributed to this monograph. This monograph will be an important reference re-source for students in training, postdoctoral scientists, and senior scientists knowledgeable in the field.