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Cover; Bioalcohol production: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass; Copyright; Contents; Contributor contact details; Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy; Preface; Part I Pretreatment and fractionation processes for lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production; 1 Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Physical comminution; 1.3 Hydrothermal pretreatment (liquid hotwater and steam); 1.4 Conclusions; 1.5 Future trends; 1.6 References; 2 Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass; 2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Why is pretreatment necessary for lignocellulosics?2.3 Types of chemical pretreatment; 2.4 Comparing effectiveness of leading pretreatments on corn stover and poplar; 2.5 Characteristics of an ideal pretreatment; 2.6 Conclusions; 2.7 Acknowledgements; 2.8 References; 3 Key features of pretreated lignocelluloses biomass solids and their impact on hydrolysis; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Key substrate features controlling cellulose hydrolysis: crystallinity; 3.3 Key substrate features controlling cellulose hydrolysis: degree of polymerization (DP).

3.4 Key substrate features controlling cellulose hydrolysis: hemicellulose and degree of hemicellulose acetylation3.5 Key substrate features controlling cellulose hydrolysis: lignin; 3.6 Conclusions; 3.7 Acknowledgements; 3.8 References; 4 Solvent fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Lignocellulosic biomass; 4.3 Cellulose solvent-based lignocellulose pretreatment; 4.4 Future trends; 4.5 Sources of further information and advice; 4.6 References; Part II Hydrolysis (saccharification) processes for lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production.

5 Dilute and concentrated acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Dilute acid hydrolysis; 5.3 Concentrated acid hydrolysis; 5.4 Process and apparatus of acid pretreatment; 5.5 Ethanol production plants currently using acid hydrolysis; 5.6 Unit operations pertinent to the ethanol industry; 5.7 Future trends; 5.8 Sources of further information and advice; 5.9 References and further reading; 6 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Enzymatic hydrolysismechanism; 6.3 Relative saccharification efficiencies.

6.4 Factors affecting hydrolysis efficiency6.5 Methods to improve enzymatic hydrolysis; 6.6 Future trends; 6.7 References; 7 Development of cellulases to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Cellulase structure and function; 7.3 Development of cellulases; 7.4 Recent developments; 7.5 Issues in cellulase development; 7.6 Future trends; 7.7 References and further reading; Part III Lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol fermentation and seperation processes; 8 Integrated hydrolysis, fermentation and co-fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass; 8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Biological processing of lignocellulose.

Bioethanol is one of the main biofuels currently used as a petroleum-substitute in transport applications. However, conflicts over food supply and land use have made its production and utilisation a controversial topic. Second generation bioalcohol production technology, based on (bio)chemical conversion of non-food lignocellulose, offers potential advantages over existing, energy-intensive bioethanol production processes. Food vs. fuel pressures may be reduced by utilising a wider range of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, including energy crops, cellulosic residues, and, particularly, wast.

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