Includes bibliographical references and index.

Front Cover; Biomechanics of Tendons and Ligaments: Tissue Reconstruction and Regeneration; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Part One: Fundamentals and biomechanics of tendons and ligaments; Chapter 1: Structure and function of tendon and ligament tissues; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Anatomy; 1.3. The structure of tendons and ligaments; 1.3.1. Healthy tendons and ligaments; 1.3.2. The components of the ECM; 1.3.3. The cells; 1.3.4. Growth factors; 1.3.5. Aging tendons and ligaments; 1.3.6. Tendinopathy; 1.4. Summary; References

Chapter 2: Biomechanical properties of tendons and ligaments in humans and animals2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Regional differences of biomechanical properties and impact of size; 2.3. Intrinsic factors: Gender and age; 2.4. Extrinsic factors: Physical activity and exercise; 2.5. Which tendon is the best (allo)graft in terms of material properties?; 2.6. Animal models; 2.6.1. Rabbit; 2.6.2. Sheep; 2.6.3. Mouse; 2.6.4. Rat; 2.6.5. Dog; 2.6.6. Pig; 2.6.7. Monkey; 2.6.8. Horse; 2.7. Summary; References; Chapter 3: Mechanobiology of tendons and ligaments; 3.1. Introduction

3.2. Impact of loading on tendon cells3.2.1. Gene expression; 3.2.2. Gap junctions; 3.2.3. Calcium levels; 3.2.4. Degenerative tendon tissue; 3.2.5. Finite element model; 3.3. Effects of mechanical stimulation on ECM; 3.3.1. Collagen; 3.3.2. The noncollagenous part in the ECM; 3.3.3. Inflammatory response; 3.3.4. Changes of fiber strain and sliding under load; 3.4. Summary; References; Chapter 4: Experimental methods for measuring tendon and ligament biomechanics; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Classic tensile testing; 4.2.1. Load-displacement and stress-strain; 4.2.1.1. Load until failure

4.2.1.2. Stiffness4.2.2. Loading rate; 4.2.3. Preconditioning; 4.2.4. Other testing conditions; 4.2.5. Fatigue tests; 4.3. Other biomechanical tests; 4.4. In vivo biomechanical tests; 4.5. Summary; References; Chapter 5: Imaging of tendons and ligaments in animal models; 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Ultrasonography; 5.2.1. Overview; 5.2.2. Development of US as a diagnostic tool; 5.2.3. Comparison of US with histology and investigation of adhesion; 5.2.4. Correspondence of US with biomechanics; 5.2.5. Investigation of neovascularization after injury

5.2.6. Extrinsic and intrinsic healing of tendons and ligaments5.2.7. Anatomical studies with US; 5.2.8. Summary; 5.3. Magnetic resonance; 5.3.1. Overview; 5.3.2. Investigation of morphological changes after injury; 5.3.3. Tissue engineering in tendon repair; 5.3.4. Diagnosis of tendon diseases; 5.3.5. Investigation of biomechanical properties; 5.3.6. Contrast agents in MRI; 5.4. Light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy; 5.4.1. Overview; 5.4.2. The tendon tissue (engineering) level; 5.4.3. The fascicle level; 5.4.4. The fiber level; 5.4.5. The fibril and microfibril level

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